俄罗斯各联邦主体英文名称大全 2024最新版涵盖共和国州边疆区自治市等官方英文翻译

Introduction to Russia’s Federal Structure

Russia is a federal republic composed of 89 federal subjects (субъекты федерации). These include republics, krais (territories), oblasts (provinces), federal cities, autonomous okrugs (districts), and one autonomous oblast. Understanding the official English translations of these entities is crucial for international diplomacy, academic research, business communications, and accurate geographical referencing.

The Russian Federation’s constitution defines three types of federal subjects:

Republics (Республики) - 21 entities with their own constitutions and languages
Krais (Края) - 9 territories
Oblast (Области) - 46 provinces
Federal Cities (Города федерального значения) - 3 cities
Autonomous Okrugs (Автономные округа) - 4 districts
Autonomous Oblast (Автономная область) - 1 region

Complete List of Federal Subjects with Official English Names

Republics (Республики)

Republic of Adygea (Адыгея) - The Republic of Adygea
Republic of Altai (Алтай) - The Republic of Altai
Republic of Bashkortostan (Башкортостан) - The Republic of Bashkortostan
Republic of Buryatia (Бурятия) - The Republic of Buryatia
Chechen Republic (Чечня) - The Chechen Republic
Republic of Chuvashia (Чувашия) - The Republic of Chuvashia
Republic of Dagestan (Дагестан) - The Republic of Dagestan
Republic of Ingushetia (Ингушетия) - The Republic of Ingushetia
Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (Кабардино-Балкария) - The Kabardino-Balkarian Republic
Republic of Kalmykia (Калмыкия) - The Republic of Kalmykia
Karachay-Cherkess Republic (Карачаево-Черкесия) - The Karachay-Cherkess Republic
Republic of Karelia (Карелия) - The Republic of Karelia
Komi Republic (Коми) - The Komi Republic
Mari El Republic (Марий Эл) - The Mari El Republic
Republic of Mordovia (Мордовия) - The Republic of Mordovia
Sakha Republic (Yakutia) (Саха (Якутия)) - The Sakha Republic (Yakutia)
Republic of North Ossetia-Alania (Северная Осетия-Алания) - The Republic of North Ossetia-Alania
Republic of Tatarstan (Татарстан) - The Republic of Tatarstan
Republic of Tuva (Тыва) - The Republic of Tuva
Udmurt Republic (Удмуртия) - The Republic of Udmurtia
Republic of Khakassia (Хакасия) - The Republic of Khakassia
Chechen Republic (Чечня) - The Chechen Republic

Krais (Края)

Altai Krai (Алтайский край) - Altai Krai
Kamchatka Krai (Камчатский край) - Kamchatka Krai
Khabarovsk Krai (Хабаровский край) - Khabarovsk Krai
Krasnodar Krai (Краснодарский край) - Krasnodar Krai
Krasnoyarsk Krai (Красноярский край) - Krasnoyarsk Krai
Perm Krai (Пермский край) - Perm Krai
Primorsky Krai (Приморский край) - Primorsky Krai
Stavropol Krai (Ставропольский край) - Stavropol Krai
Khabarovsk Krai (Хабаровский край) - Khabarovsk Kra0
Zabaykalsky Krai (Забайкальский край) - Zabaykalsky Krai

Oblasts (Области)

Amur Oblast (Амурская область) - Amur Oblast
Arkhangelsk Oblast (Архангельская область) - Arkhangelsk Oblast
Astrakhan Oblast (Астраханская область) - Astrakhan Oblast
Belgorod Oblast (Белгородская область) - Belgorod Oblast
Bryansk Oblast (Брянская область) - Bryansk Oblast
Chelyabinsk Oblast (Челябинская область) - Chelyabinsk Oblast
Irkutsk Oblast (Иркутская область) - Irkutsk Oblast
Ivanovo Oblast (Ивановская область) - Ivanovo Oblast
Kaliningrad Oblast (Калининградская область) - Kaliningrad Oblast
Kaluga Oblast (Калужская область) - Kaluga Oblast
Kemerovo Oblast (Кемеровская область) - Kemerovo Oblast
Kirov Oblast (Кировская область) - Kirov Oblast
Kostroma Oblast (Костромская область) - Kostroma Oblast
Kurgan Oblast (Курганская область) - Kurgan Oblast
Kursk Oblast (Курская область) - Kursk Oblast
Leningrad Oblast (Ленинградская область) - Leningrad Oblast
Lipetsk Oblast (Липецкая область) - Lipetsk Oblast
Magadan Oblast (Магаданская область) - Magadan Oblast
Moscow Oblast (Московская область) - Moscow Oblast
Murmansk Oblast (Мурманская область) - Murmansk Oblast
Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (Нижегородская область) - Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Novgorod Oblast (Новгородская область) - Novgorod Oblast
Novosibirsk Oblast (Новосибирская область) - Novosibirsk Oblast
Omsk Oblast (Омская область) - Omsk Oblast
Orenburg Oblast (Оренбургская область) - Orenburg Obl3ast
Oryol Oblast (Орловская область) - Oryol Oblast
Penza Oblast (Пензенская область) - Penza Oblast
Pskov Oblast (Псковская область) - Pskov Oblast
Rostov Oblast (Ростовская область) - Rostov Oblast
Ryazan Oblast (Рязанская область) - Ryazan Oblast
Samara Oblast (Самарская область) - Samara Oblast
Saratov Oblast (Саратовская область) - Saratov Oblast
Sakhalin Oblast (Сахалинская область) - Sakhalin Oblast
Sverdlovsk Oblast (Свердловская область) - Sverdlovsk Oblast
Smolensk Oblast (Смоленская область) - Smolensk Oblast
Tambov Oblast (Тамбовская область) - Tambov Oblast
Tver Oblast (Тверская область) - Tver Oblast
Tomsk Oblast (Томская область) - Tomsk Oblast
Tula Oblast (Тульская область) - Tula Oblast
Tyumen Oblast (Тюменская область) - Tyumen Oblast
Ulyanovsk Oblast (Ульяновская область) - Ulyanovsk Oblast
Vladimir Oblast (Владимирская область) - Vladimir Oblast
Volgograd Oblast (Волгоградская область) - Volgograd Oblast
Vologda Oblast (Вологодская область) - Vologda Oblast
Voronezh Oblast (Воронежская область) - Voronezh Oblast
Yaroslavl Oblast (Ярославская область) - Yaroslavl Oblast

Federal Cities (Города федерального значения)

Moscow (Москва) - The City of Moscow
Saint Petersburg (Санкт-Петербург) - The City of Saint Petersburg
Sevastopol (Севастополь) - The City of Sevastopol

Autonomous Okrugs (Автономные округа)

Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (Чукотский автономный округ) - Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ) - Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Ямало-Ненецкий автономный округ) - Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Ненецкий авonomous округ) - Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Autonomous Oblast (Автономная область)

Jewish Autonomous Oblast (Еврейская автономная область) - Jewish Autonomous Oblast

Important Notes on English Naming Conventions

1. The Use of “The”

Republics and federal cities typically include “The” in their official English names (e2.g., “The Republic of Tatarstan”, “The City of Moscow”)
Oblasts, krais, and autonomous okrugs generally do not use “The” (e.g., “Moscow Oblast”, not “The Moscow Oblast”)
The autonomous oblast uses “The” (The Jewish Autonomous Oblast)

2. Capitalization Rules

All federal subjects capitalize the first letter of each word in their official English names
The word “of” is lowercase unless it’s part of a proper noun
The word “and” is lowercase unless it’s part of2 a proper noun

3. Parenthetical Names

Some republics have parenthetical names indicating the capital city or alternative name (e.g., “Sakha Republic (Yakutia)”)
These are official and should be included in formal documents

4. Hyphenation

Multi-word names are hyphenated when used as adjectives (e.g., “Krasnodar Krai” but “Krasnodar-Krai-style”)
Republic names with multiple ethnic groups use hyphens (e.g., “Kabardino-Balkarian Republic”)

5. Transliteration Variations

Some names have alternative transliterations (e.g., “Komi” vs “Komi Republic”)
The official translations listed above are based on the Russian government’s official documents and international agreements

Special Cases and Recent Changes

1. Crimea and Sevastopol

Following the 2014 events, both Crimea and Sev2astopol are considered federal subjects of Russia
Crimea is officially “The Republic of Crimea” (Республика Крым)
Sevastopol is officially “The City of Sevastopol” (Севастополь)
Many countries do not recognize these as Russian territory, but Russia considers them federal subjects

2. The “Double Name” Republics

Sakha Republic (Yakutia) - The official name includes both the Russian and indigenous names
Republic of North Ossetia-Alania - The name reflects both Ossetian and Alan heritage
These names are internationally recognized and used in UN documents

1. Federal Cities

Moscow - The capital, officially “The City of Moscow”
Saint Petersburg - The cultural capital, officially “The City of 2Saint Petersburg”
Sevastopol - The naval base city, officially “The City of Sevastopol” (contested internationally)

Practical Usage Examples

Example 1: Diplomatic Document

The Embassy of the Russian Federation presents its compliments to the Embassy of [Country] and has the honour to inform that the following federal subjects have updated their official English names: - The Republic of Tatarstan (formerly "Tatarstan Republic") - Krasnodar Krai (unchanged) - The City of Moscow (unchanged)

Example 2: Academic Paper

According to the Federal Constitutional Law No. 6-FKZ, the official English names of federal subjects are: - Republics: "The [Name] Republic" (e.g., The Republic of Bashkortostan) - Krais: "[Name] Krai" (e1.g., Altai Krai) - Oblasts: "[Name] Oblast" (e.g., Moscow Oblast) - Federal cities: "The City of [Name]" (e.g., The City of Saint Petersburg)

Example 3: Business Contract

This Agreement is made between: 1. [Company Name], located in The Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation 2. [Company Name], located in Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation

Verification and Sources

The official English names are derived from:

Russian Government Decrees - Official translations published by the Ministry of Justice
United Nations Terminology Database - UNTERM
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) - ISO 3166-2:RU
federal subjects’ official websites (English versions)

For the most current information, refer to:

Official website of the President of Russia: kremlin.ru
Ministry of Foreign Affairs: mid.ru
Federal State Statistics Service: gks.ru

Conclusion

This comprehensive list provides the official English names for all 89 federal subjects of the Russian Federation as of 2024. When using these names in official documents, academic papers, or international communications, it’s essential to use the exact official translations to maintain accuracy and professionalism. The naming conventions reflect Russia’s complex federal structure and the importance of recognizing both Russian and indigenous identities within the federation.

For updates and verification, always consult official Russian government sources or the United Nations terminology database, as minor changes to official translations can occur over time.# Comprehensive Guide to the Official English Names of Russian Federal Subjects (2024 Edition)